Distribution and habitat: Throughout tropical region.

Botany:  Shrubby, much branched; branches slender, terete, minutely stellately hairy.

• Leaves : 2.5- 6.3 cm long, lanceolate, with rounded base sharply serrate, glabrous on both sides. Petioles 0-6 mm long, shorter than the stipules. Pedicels 1-2 in each axil, shorter or longer than the petiole, jointed about the middle.
• Flower :Calyx 6-8 mm long, corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx, yellow.
• Fruits: 5-6 mm diameter, carpels 5-9, strongly reticulate, toothed on the dorsal margin.
• Seeds: Smooth, black

Chemical constituents: Quinazoline alkaloids and  beta- phenethylamines. Hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, vasicinone etc are present.

Uses: Fever, burning of the body, nervous and urinary diseases, disorders of blood and bile, intermittent fever, chronic bowel complaints, intestinal worms, hastening suppuration

Propagation: Seeds