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Language

Glossary
AbsoluteAn ethanol extract of a concrete or a resinoid which generally contains the odoriferous components together with very small proportion of colouring matter and is free from any solvent used in the process.
Absolute OilsRefers to the steam volatile part of an absolute.
Acid valueIt is numerically equivalent to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids present in 1g of the material.
Alcohol, Perfumery GradeRectified ethyl alcohol free from by-odours used in the manufacture of alcoholic extracts and perfumes.
Aldehydic BlendBlends deriving their specific unique character through the superimposition of certain aldehydes.
Amber NoteA heavy, full-bodied warm powdery note.
Animal NoteOdours or notes with a sensuous character.
Aromatic WaterAqueous odoriferous condensate of hydrodistilled and/or steamdistilled material of vegetable origin containing fully dispersed or partially floating essential oil.
Attar (Indian):A perfume concentrate characteristic of a single flower or a mixture of flowers and/or other materials of plant or animal origin with sandal wood oil as the base.
BalsamAn exudate from plants which flows either naturally or artificially through incision having characteristic odour associated with benzoic or cinnamic acid esters.
BlendHarmonious combination of odoriferous materials.
Blend, AldehydicBlends deriving their specific unique character through the superimposition of certain aldehydes.
Blend, CologneAny harmonious combination of fragrances, the main characteristics of which are derived from citrus oils.
Blend, OrientalA blend with heavy, full-bodied note.
Blend, SpicyAny fragrance combination having carnation characteristics.
Blend, WoodyAny fragrance dominated by a woody character.
Boiling RangeIt is the range of temperature within which a specified percentage of the material distils.
BouquetGenerally a harmonious combination of two or more floral notes.
By-NoteA temporary or permanent odour effect additional to the main pattern of odour associated with the material.
Carbonyl ValueIt is numerically equivalent to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide, that is, equivalent to the amount of hydroxylamine required to oxidise the carbonyl compounds present in 1 g of the material.
CellA unit of the plant tissue.
CellularComposed of cells.
ChypreA mossy woody fragrance, complex with a characteristic sweet citrus top note, frequently encompassing some floral tones.
CitrusOdours reminiscent of citrus fruits, such as orange, lemon, bergamot, grapefruit etc.
CloyingAn odour that satiates the senses beyond a natural desire.
CologneIt is the strongest realization of a particular fragrance in aqueous alcohol.
Cologne BlendAny harmonious combination of fragrances, the main characteristics of which are derived from citrus oils.
Concentrated PerfumeA nonalcoholic concentrated perfume blend.
ConcentrationMethod of separation of undesirable substance to improve the quality of the material.
ConcreteAn extract of fresh plant parts by the use of a hydrocarbon solvent. It is rich in hydrocarbon soluble materials and devoid of water-soluble components. It is generally a waxy semisolid dark coloured material free from the original solvent
CondensateVapours that have been condensed.
CondenserPart of the distillation apparatus where the hot vapours are cooled and condensed for recovery.
Congealing PointIt is the maximum constant temperature at which a liquefied solid resolidifies.
Deterpenized OilNatural essential oils which are free from terpenes and/or sesquiterpenes.
DiffusionThe ability of a fragrance to radiate and permeate the environment.
DistillationA process of evaporation and recondensation used for purifying liquids.
Distillation RangeIt is the range of temperature within which a specified percentage of the material distils.
Distillation, DryDistillation carried out completely in the absence of steam or water.
Distillation, HydroDistillation of a substance carried out in direct contact with boiling water.
Distillation, SteamDistillation of a substance by bubbling steam through it.
Distillation, VacuumDistillation of a substance under reduced pressure.
Distillation, WaterDistillation of a substance carried out in direct contact with boiling water.
Dry distillationDistillation carried out completely in the absence of steam or water.
Dry OutFinal phase of the main fragrance.
EnfleurageProcess of extracting fragrance of fresh flowers by intimate contact with mixture of purified fats preferably at low temperatures.
Essential OilIt is a volatile perfumery material derived from a single source of vegetable or animal origin by a process, such as hydrodistillation, steam distillation, dry distillation or expression.
Essential Oil, SyntheticIt is a composition generally consisting of natural essential oils, aromatic chemicals, resinoids, concretes, absolutes, etc., but excluding animal or vegetable non: essential oils and not having a nonvolatile residue in excess of 10 percent by mass.? It is so composed that it bears a close resemblance primarily in odour to a naturally occurring essential oil.
Ester ValueIt is numerically equivalent to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acids liberated by the hydrolysis of the esters present in 1 g of the material.? It represents the difference between the saponification value and the acid value of the material.
Ester value After AcetylationIt is numerically equivalent to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acids liberated by the hydrolysis of 1 g of the acetylated material.
Evaporation ResidueRepresents the percentage of a perfumery material which is not volatile when heated on a steambath under the specified conditions.
ExpressionThe process of extracting essential oil under pressure.
ExtractConcentrated produce obtained by treating a natural perfumery material with a solvent which is subsequently evaporated.
ExtractionThe process of isolating essential oil with the help of a volatile solvent.
ExtraitA French word, now universally used in perfumery, meaning an alcoholic extract of odourous parts of a pommade.
FixativeA substance which is compatible with and stabilizes a perfume composition by retarding the rate of evaporation of its volatile constituents.
FlavourRefers to that characteristic quality of a material as affects the taste or perception.
FloralThe fragrance characteristic of an existing known flower type.
Fore-RunningThe initial fractions of the distillation process.
FougereA fragrance combining a dominant sweet note with a mossy, lavender-like citrus character.
FractionationThe process of distillation of the essential oil into various fractions.
Fruit, Flavour/EssenceSuitably blended mixtures of flavouring materials, permitted chemicals and food colours, in a solvent medium of either ethanol or the permitted nonalcoholic solvents.
Fruity NoteThe impression of fruit odours within the fragrance theme.
Full BodiesA well: roundedout fragrance that possesses depth.
Green NoteNotes that recall fresh cut grass, leaves and vines.
GumA natural water soluble anionic material often of glycoside-like structure and of high molecular weight which collects in or exudes from certain plants.? It forms a neutral or slightly acid solution or a sol with water and has typical mild odour.
Gum (Aromatic)A substance that collects in or exudes from certain aromatic plants.
Gum ResinNatural exudation from plants and trees consisting of gums and resin with very small amounts of essential oils.
Gum resinA natural exudate obtained from a tree or plant. It is comprised of gums and resins. If the gum resin source also contains an essential oil it is called an oleogumresin.
HarmoniousOrder, accord and unity in a fragrance.
HeavyA forceful and intense effect.
HydrodistillationDistillation of a substance carried out in direct contact with boiling water.
InfusionA process of treating a substance with water or organic solvent, with or without heating.
InfusionA hot extract of either a plant part of its exudate with either water or an organic solvent.?
IsolateEither a single constituent or a multicomponent fraction or a composite fraction, rich in desired odoriferous components and derived from a natural perfumery material.
Lasting QualitiesThe ability of a fragrance to retain its character over a given period of time.
Leathery NoteAny fragrance conveying the dominant characteristic of tanned leather.
Materials Perfumery, NaturalPerfumery materials of natural origin.
Melting PointThe temperature at which the material melts and becomes liquid throughout as shown by the formation of a definite meniscus.
Melting RangeThe main overall odour effect experienced by olfactory nerves on smelling a strip impregnated with a material and exposed to the atmosphere for some time.
Mossy NoteIt is a light musk lavender odour.
Natural perfumery MaterialsPerfumery materials of natural origin.
OdourThat property of a substance which stimulates and is perceived by the olfactory sense.
Oil, AbsoluteRefers to the steam volatile part of an absolute.
Oleogum ResinExudations from tree trunks or barks of trees and are characterised by the fact that these consist of entirely or mainly essential oil and resin.
OleoresinThe natural tree trunk or bark exudate which is extremely rich in an essential oil.
Oriental BlendA?blend with heavy, full-bodied note.
PerfumeA suitably blended composition of various materials of synthetic and/or natural origin to give a desired odour effect. It is carried in a suitable medium to the extent of not more than 20 percent.
Perfume ConcentrateA nonalcoholic concentrated perfume blend.
Perfumery CompoundA concentrated base which is further diluted with or without toning and further modifications to suit various end uses.
Perfumery Grade AlcoholRectified ethyl alcohol free from by-odours used in the manufacture of a alcoholic extracts and perfumes.
Perfumery MaterialA naturally occurring substance or a derived material or a preparation obtained by physical and/or chemical means, which diffuses or imparts an odour or a flavour.
Perfumery Materials, SymtheticMan-made perfumery materials by chemical processes.
Plant, AromaticPlant bearing a characteristic aroma.
PomadeRefined and deodourised animal fat (s) saturated with volatile oils present in and exhaled from the flowers especially tuberose and jasmine.
PommadeThe product of the enfleurage fat extraction of fresh flowers.
RectificationMethod of separation of undesirable substance to improve the quality of the material.
Residual Note (Dry Out Note)An odour effect experienced by olfactorynerves on smelling a strip impregnated with a material and exposed to the atmosphere for a period of time when the top and? middle notes have disappeared.
ResinSolid or semisolid translucent exudation from trees or plants.
ResinoidA semifluid or a solid material obtained from a single resinous source of vegetable or animal origin by extraction with a suitable solvent and is free from solvent used in the process.
Saponification ValueIt is numerically equivalent to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids and the acids liberated by the hydrolysis of the esters present in 1 g of the material.? It represents the sum of acid value and ester value.
Saponification Value After AcetylationIt is numerically equivalent to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids and the acids liberated by the hydrolysis of the esters present in 1g of the acetylated product.
SesquiterpeneTerms denoting a hydrocarbon composed of one and a half terpene units, a single terpene unit being equal to two isoprene units.
Sesquiterpeneless OilAn isolate obtained by suitably removing the sesquiterpenes (C15H24) from an essential oil.
Spice/Herb oleoresinA solvent extract of dried spice or herb which is virtually free from the extracting solvent. It is used exclusively by the food and pharmaceutical industries as a replacement of ground spices and spice tinctures.
Spicy BlendAny fragrance combination having carnation characteristics.
Steam DistillationDistillation of a substance by bubbling steam through it.
Synthetic Perfumery MaterialsMan made perfumery materials by chemical processes.
Tail RunningThe last fraction in a distillation process.
Terpeneless OilAn isolate obtained by removing almost all monoterpenes (C10H16) from an essential oil.
ThinThe lack of body and richness.
TinctureA cold alcoholic extract of natural fragrant material of vegetable or animal origin, the solvent being left in the extract as a diluent.
TissuePlant structure composed of cells.
Toilet WaterIt is the strongest realization of a particular fragrance in aqueous alcohol.
Top NoteThe first odour effect experienced by olfactory nerves on smelling a strip freshly impregnated with a material.
Vacuum DistillationDistillation of a substance under reduced pressure.
VolatileA material is said to be volatile when it has the property of evaporating at room temperature when exposed to atmosphere.
Water DistillationDistillation of a substance carried out in direct contact with boiling water.
Woody BlendAny fragrance dominated by a woody character.
Woody NoteThe impression of wood or woody odours within the fragrance theme.
AbortifacientAn agent that induces abortion
AbscessA localised collection of pus caused by suppuration in a tissue
AbsorbentAny agent which attracts and sucks up gases or secretions from a wound.
AcneAn inflammatory disease occurring in or around the sebaceous glands
AcridBiting, pungent
AgalactiaAbsence or failure of secretion of milk
AgueMalaria
AlbuminuriaThe presence of serum albumin and serum globulin in the urine
AlexipharmicAntidote to poison
AlexitericProtective to infectious diseases
AlopeciaLoss of hair-a malady in which the hair falls from one or more circumscribed round or oval areas, leaving the skin smooth and white.
AlterativeCausing a favorable change in the disordered functions of the body or metabolism
AmenorrhoeaFailure of menstruation
AmentiaAn arrest of the development of the mind from birth to early age.
AnaemiaLack of enough blood in the body causing paleness
AnalepticHaving a restorative or stimulating effect, as on the central nervous system
AnalgesicRelieving pain
AnaphrodisiacHaving the power to lessen or inhibit sexual feeling
AnasarcaDiffused dropsy in the skin and subcutaneous tissue
AnaestheticInducing loss of feeling or  consciousness
AnodyneA medicine that allays pain
AnorecticLacking appetite
AnorexiaA condition of having lost the appetite for food
AnthelminticDestroying or expelling worms
AntiasthmaticRelieving asthma
AntibioticKilling disease causing microorganisms
AnticoagulantInhibiting the clotting of blood
AntidiarrhealPreventing or controlling diarrhea
AntidoteAn agent which neutralizes or opposes the action of a poison
AntidoteSubstance that counteracts the effects of a poison
AntidyspepticRelieving dyspepsia or indigestion
AntiemeticStopping emesis or vomiting
AntihemorrhagicControlling bleeding
AntihypertensiveReducing high blood pressure
AntiinflammatoryControlling inflammation
AntilithichAn agent which prevents the formation of calculi or promotes their dilution
AntiperiodicPreventing the regular recurrence of a disease
AntiphlogisticActing against heat or inflammation
AntipruriticPreventing or relieving itching
AntipyreticCounteracting fever
AntirachiticPreventing or curing rickets
AntirheumaticA condition that causes inflammation and pain in the joints and muscles
AntiscorbuticActing against scurvy
antiscrofulousTreating scrofula or tubercular swellings of the lymph glands
AntisepticA chemical sterilising substance to kill or control pathogenic microbes
AntispsmodicOpposing spasms or convulsions 
AntitussiveControlling or preventing cough
AntiuricCounteracting excessive acidity in the urine
AnuriaComplete cessation of the secretion  and excretion of urine
AperientA laxative or mild cathartic
AphrodisiacA drug which stimulates sexual desire
AphthaeUlcer on the surface of a mucous membrane
ApoplexyA sudden loss of consciousness
ArthralgiaPain in joint
ArthritisInflammation of a joint
AscitesAbnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
AsphyxiaInability to breath
AstringentCausing soft tissues or drawing together
AtrophyWasting of a tissue or organ
BalanitisA condition of inflammation of the penis or of the clitoris
BechicAnything which relieves or cures cough
BeriberiA deficiency disease caused by imbalance of carbohydrate and vitamin B
BlennorrhagiaFree discharge of mucus
BrachycardiacMaking the heart beat slower
BronchopathyAny disease of the bronchi
BuboAn inflammatory swelling of a lymph gland
CachexiaDepressed habit of mind
CalculusA concretion formed in any part of the body usually compounds of salts of organic or inorganic acids
CalefacientA remedy which gives rise to a sensation of warmth
CalibrationDemonstrating that a measuring device produces  results within the specified limits of those produce by a reference standard device over an appropriate rang of measurements
CalmativeSedative
CarbuncleAn infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue by Staphylococcus aureus
CarcinogenicCausing cancer
CarcinomaA malignant epithelial tumour eventually becoming fatal
CardiacRelating to the heart
Cardiac depressantSlowing the action of the heart
CardiodyniaPain in the region of the heart
CardiokineticRegulating or strengthening the heartbeat
CardiopalmusPalpitation of the heart
CardiopathyA morbid condition of the heart
CardiotonicKeeping the heart functioning normally
CarminativeDrug causing the release of stomach or intestinal gas
CataplexyA condition marked by abrupt attacks of muscular weakness
CataractOpacity in the crystalline lens of the eye which may be partial or complete
CatarrhA condition in which the mucous membranes of the nose and breathing passages are inflamed, often chronically
CatharticHaving the power of cleaning the bowels-purgative
CephalalgiaHeadache
CephalicA remedy for disorders of the head
CephalopathyAny disease of the head
CerebropathyAny disorder of the brain
CholagogueA drug which causes increased flow of bile into the intestine
CholeraA severe infectious epidemic disease due to Vibrio cholerae
CicatrizingPromoting the growth
CirrhosisProgressive fibrous tissue overgrowth in an organ
ColicA severe spasmodic griping pain
ColitisInflammation of the colon
CollyriumAn eye-salve or eye-wash
ColonalgiaPain in the colon
ColonitisInflammation of the colon
ColonorrhagiaHemorrhage from the colon
ColpitisInflammation of the vagina
ColpoptosisProlapse of the vagina
ColporrhagiaHemorrhage from the vagina
ComaThe state of complete loss of consciousness
ConjunctivitisInflammation of the conjunctiva
ConsumptionPulmonary tuberculosis
ContraceptiveAny agent or device used to prevent conception
ContusionAn injury to tissue that does not break the skin
ConvulsionA violent involuntary contraction of the skeletal musculature
CornA small circumscribed painful horny growth
CounterirritantAn agent that causes local inflammation of an area
CoxalgiaPain in the hip
CoxitisInflammation of the hip joint
CroupAny condition caused by respiratory obstruction
CystalgiaPain in the urinary bladder
CystitisInflammation of a bladder, especially the urinary bladder
CystodyniaPain in the urinary bladder
CystorrheaMucous discharge from the bladder
DandruffDead scarf-skin separating in small flakes
DecongestantRelieving congestion, as of the mucous membrane
DemulcentSoothing
Dental cariesDecay of teeth
DentalgiaToothache
DentifriceAny liquid, paste or powder used for cleansing the teeth.
DeobstruentRelieving or removing obstruction
DeodorantRemoving the odour
DepurativeAn agent that purifies blood
DermatitisIrritation or inflammation of the skin
DermatopathyAny skin disorder
DermatophytosisA superficial infection of the skin caused by a fungus
DesiccatingDepriving of moisture
DiaphoresisSweating
DiaphoreticA drug which induces perspiration
DigestiveImproving digestion
DiphtheriaA specific infectious disease caused by virulent strains of a Bacillus
DiscutientRemoving tumours
DisinfectantHaving a lethal effect upon germs
DiureticPromoting the flow of urine
DizzinessSensation of imbalance of a stable relationship with the immediate environment
DropsyAn excessive accumulation of clear or watery fluid in any of the tissues or cavities of the body
DrugAn agent that is used therapeutically to treat diseases. It may also be defined as any chemical agent and/or biological product or natural product that affects living processes
Drug productA finished dosage form, for eg., a tablet, capsule or solution that contains a drug substance
Drug substanceAn active ingredient that is intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of diseases or to effect the structure or any function of  the human body
DysmenorrhoeaDifficult or painful menstruation
DysopiaDefective vision
DyspepsiaIndigestion
DysphoniaDifficulty or pain in speaking
DyspnoeaDifficulty in breathing
DystociaDifficult parturition
DysuriaDifficulty or pain while passing urine
EcbolicTending to increase contractions of the uterus and thus facilitate childbirth
EclampsiaAn attack of convulsion associated with hypertension in pregnancy
EczemaA noncontagious inflammatory disease of the skin with much itching and burning
EdemaFluid retention by the body causing swelling and discomfort
ElephantiasisGross lymphatic edema of the limbs leading to hypertrophy
ElixirA drug capable of prolonging life indefinitely
EmbrocateTo moisten and rub
EmeticCausing vomiting
EmmenagogueMedicine intended to restore the mensus
EmollientSoftening
EmphysemaA pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or organs
EmpyemaAccumulation of pus in a body cavity
EncephalitisInflammation of the brain and spinal cord due to infection
EncephalopathyAny degenerative brain disease
EnuresisInvoluntary voiding of urine
EpilepsyAn affection of the nervous system resulting from excessive or disordered discharge of cerebral neurons
EpistaxisBleeding from the nose
ErrhineAn agent causing increased nasal discharge
ErysipelasAn inflammatory disease generally affecting the face marked by a bright redness of the skin
EscharoticA caustic substance that creates a mass of dead cells or scab
EuphoriantProducing a sense of bodily comfort and well-being and the absence of pain or distress
ExpectorantAiding the secretion of the mucous membrane of the air passages and the removal of fluid by spitting
ExtractA concentrate of dried, less volatile aromatic plant part obtained by solvent extraction with a polar solvent
FebrifugeAnything which reduces fever
FelonA deep infection around the nails of toes or fingers
FilariasisInfection with filarial nematode worms
Fistula  An open channel from the anus or rectum to the skin near the anus
FlatulencePresence of excessive gas in the stomach or intestine
FrenzyViolent temporary mental derangement
GalactogenicPromoting the flow of milk
GalactogogueMedicine that promotes secretion of milk
GalactorrheaExcessive or spontaneous flow of milk
GangreneNecrosis  and putrefaction of tissue due to lack of blood supply
GastralgiaPain in the stomach
GastrodyniaPain in the stomach
GastroenteritisInflammation of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestine due to bacterial infection
GastrohelcosisUlceration of the stomach
GastromegalyEnlargement of the stomach
GastropathyAny disease of the stomach
GermicidalCausing destruction of micro-organisms
GingivitisInflammation of the gingival margins around the teeth accompanied by swelling and bleeding
GlaucomaIncreased intraocular pressure and its consequences
GleetChronic discharge of thin mucous from the vagina
GlycosuriaExcretion of sugar in the urine
GoitreEnlargement of the thyroid gland
GonorrhoeaAn inflammatory disease of the genitourinary passages characterized by pain and discharge
GoutA disease of purine metabolism characterized by attacks of arthritis with an associated raised level of serum uric acid
GripeA sharp pain in the stomach
HaematemesisVomiting of blood
HaematuriaThe presence of blood in the urine
HaemoptysisSpitting of blood
HaemorrhoidA bleeding pile
HaemostaticHaving the power to arrest bleeding
HalitosisOffensive odour of the breath
HallucinogenicProducing hallucinations
Heart palpitationsAbnormally rapid and irregular beating of the heart
HelminthiasisMorbid state due to infestation with worms
HemagogueAn agent that promotes the flow of blood
HematinicStimulating the formation of blood cells and hemoglobin
HematorrheaCopious hemorrhage
HemicraniaHeadache confined to one side
HemiplegiaParalysis of one side of the body
HemolyticDestructive to red blood cells
HepatalgiaPain in the liver
HepaticHaving to do with the liver
HepatitisInflammation of the liver; jaundice
HepatodyniaPain in the liver
HepatomegalyEnlargement of the liver
HepatopathyAny disease of the liver
HepatosisDownward displacement of the liver
HerniaThe protrusion of an internal organ through a defect in the wall of the anatomical cavity in which it lies.
HerpesInflammation of the skin or mucous membrane with clusters of deep seated vesicles
HerpeticTreating skin eruptions
HydragoguePromoting expulsion of water or serum
HydroceleA circumscribed collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis testis
HydrophobiaExaggerated fear of water as in rabies
HyperdenosisProliferation of glandular tissue
HyperdipsiaIntense thirst of relatively brief duration
HyperdiuresisExcessive secretion of urine
HyperemesisExcessive vomiting
HyperhydrosisExcessive perspiration
HyperorexiaExcessive appetite
HyperpraxiaAbnormal activity; restlessness
HypertensionHigh  arterial blood pressure
HypertensiveTending to rise the blood pressure
HyperthermiaA very high body temperature
HypnoticInducing sleep or a state resembling sleep
HypochonodriasisA state of mind in which the sufferer is much preoccupied with his health
HypoglycementLowering the level of blood sugar in the body
HypotensionA fall in blood pressure below the normal level
HypotensiveTending to lower blood pressure
HypothermiaGreatly decreased temperature
HysteriaA neurotic disorder with varying symptoms
ImpetigoAn inflammation of the skin associated with discrete vesicles due to streptococcal infection
ImpotenceInability to perform the sexual act due to failure of the reflex mechanism
InfusionA hot extract of either a plant part or its exudate with either water or an organic solvent. 
InsanityMental disease of a grave kind
InsecticideAny agent which kills or destroys insects
InsomniaThe condition of being unable to sleep
Installation- qualificationDocumented verification  that all key aspects of the installation adhere to the appropriate  codes and approved design intentions and that manufacturers recommendations are duly considered
Intermittent feverA regularly recurring fever
IntoxicationGeneral condition which results following the absorption and diffusion in the body of a soluble poison
IrritantAn agent that causes inflammation
JaundiceYellowing of the skin and other tissues caused by the presence of bile pigments
Kidney stoneSmall, hard stone that may form in the kidneys and cause intense pain
LactationThe secretion of milk by mammals
LactifugeRetarding or causing cessation of the secretion of milk
LaryngitisInflammation of the larynx
LaxativeHaving the action of loosening the bowel
LentigoA brownish or yellowish spot found on the skin, generally on the hands, arms or face often caused by exposure to sunlight
LesionA wound
LeucodermaAny white area on the skin
LeucorrhoeaAn abnormal mucous discharge from the vagina
LeukaemiaBlood cancer
LinimentA liquid or thin paste applied to the skin to work as a pain reliever
LinthontripticAn agent that effects the dissolution of a calculus
LithiasisThe formation of calculus of any kind
LumbagoPain in mid or lower back
MalignantThreatening  life or tending to cause death
MammillitisInflammation of the nipple
MasticatoryA substance that is chewed to increase the flow of saliva
MelalgiaPain in the limbs
MelancholiaA mental illness in which the predominant symptom is melancholy, depression of spirits, unhappiness and misery
MenolipsisTemporary cessation of menstruation
MenorrhagiaExcessive or prolonged menstruation
MenostasisFailure of menstruation
MetropathyAny uterine disease
MetroptosisProlapse of the uterus
MetrorrhagiaUterine, bleeding, usually of normal amount occurring at completely irregular intervals, the period of flow sometimes being prolonged
MetrorrheaAbnormal uterine discharge
MicturitionThe act of passing urine
MigraineA periodic condition with localised headaches, frequently associated with vomiting and sensory disturbances
MorbidRelating to disease
MumpsEpidemic parotitis, an acute infectious disease caused by a virus
MyalgiaMuscular pain
MydriasisDilation of the pupil
MydriaticA drug that dilates the pupil
MyringitisInflation of the tympanic membrane
NarcoticA drug that induces sleep
NasitisInflation of the nose
NauseantAn agent that causes nausea
NepholithiasisPresence of renal calculi
NephralgiaPain in the kidney
NephritisInflation of the kidneys
NephropathyDisease of the kidneys
NeuralgiaA painful affection of the nerves due to functional disturbances or neuritis
NeurastheniaNervous debility
NotalgiaPain in the back
NyctalopiaNight blindness
ObesityAn excessive accumulation of fat in the body
OdontalgiaToothache
OdontopathyAny disease of the teeth
OleaginousOily, greasy
OpacityAn opaque or non-transparent area
Operation-   qualificationdocumented verification  that the system or sub system performs as intended throughout  all anticipated operating ranges
OphthalmiaReferring to conjunctivitis
OphthalmodyniaPain in the eye
OphthalmopathyAny disease of the eye
OpthalmitisInflation of the eye ball
OrchialgiaPain in the testis
OrchiopathyAny disorder of the testis
OrchitisInflammation of the testis characterised by hypertrophy and pain
OstalgiaPain in the bones
OsteomalaciaSoftening of the bones, resulting from vitamin D deficiency
OtalgiaPain in the ear
OtopathyAny disease of the ear
OtopyorrheaPurulent discharge from the ear
PancreatitisInflammation of the pancreas
ParaplegiaStroke affecting one side
ParkinsonismParkinson’s disease characterised by rigidity of muscles and tremor of the hands
partiurientInducing the contractions of labour at childbirth
PectoralEffective in diseases of the chest
PectoralgiaPain in the chest
Performance-qualificationDocumented verification of the appropriateness  of critical process parameters, operating ranges and system reproducibility over an appropriate time period
PertussisWhooping cough
PharyngitisInflammation of the mucous membrane and underlying part of the pharynx
Pharyngodynia Pain in the pharynx
PharyngopathyAny disease of the pharynx
PhythisisAny wasting disease in which the whole body or part of the body is involved
PneumoniaInflammation of lung tissue
PneumonopathyAny disease of the lungs
PneumonosisAny lung disorder
PneumorrhagiaA severe haemoptysis
PoliomyelitisAn acute inflammation of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord due to an enterovirus infection
PoulticeA soft mush prepared by various substances with oily or watery fluids
ProcreantThe drug which begets
ProctalgiaPain in the rectum
ProctoptosisProlapse of the rectum
ProphylacticPertaining to the prevention of the development of a disease
Prurigo              An eruption of the skin causing severe itching
PruritusItching
PsoriasisA condition characterised by the eruption of circumscribed discrete and confluent reddish, silvery scaled lesions
Psoriasis plantarisPsoriasis of the sole
PsychopathyAny disease of the mind
PtyalismExcessive secretion of saliva
PurgativeStrong laxative
PyorrhoeaA discharge of pus
PyrexiaA condition characterised by the presence of pus 
RachialgiaPain in the vertebral column
RadiculalgiaNeuralgia of the nerve roots
RadiculitisInflammation of spinal nerve roots
RamitisInflammation of a nerve root
RectalgiaPain in the rectum
RectitisInflammation of the rectum
RefrigerantCooling
RenalRelating to the kidneys
Renal calculiCalculi relating to kidney
RenopathyAny disease of the kidney
ResolventCausing resolution of a tumour or swelling
ResorptiveAiding reabsorption of blood from bruises
RestorativeHaving the power to restore or renew health
ResuscitativeThe act of restoring to life
RetinitisInflammation of the retina
RevulsiveCausing revulsion in drawing away of blood from a pathological area to another area
RheumarthritisRheumatoid arthritis
RheumatalgiaRheumatic pain
RhinalgiaPain in the nose
RhinitisInflammation of the nasal mucous membrane
RhinodyniaPain in the nose
RhinopathyAny disease of the nose
RicketsA disturbance of the calcium/phosphorus metabolism which occurs in the growing child as a result of vitamin D deficiency
RoborantA strengthening agent
RubefacientHaving the action of counter irritant
SarcoceleFleshy swelling or tumour of the testis
ScabiesSarcoptic infestation of the human skin particularly a contagious skin disease caused by invasion of the epidermis
ScaldThe lesion caused by contact with a hot liquid or vapour
Scalding of urineSevere burning sensation during micturition
ScleritisInflammation of the sclera
ScrofulaTuberculous cervical adenitis with or without ulceration
ScurvyA deficiency disease due to lack of Vitamin C
SedativeActing on the central nervous system to produce sleep
SialogogueAn agent that increases the flow of saliva
SinovitisInflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint
SinusitisInflammation affecting the mucal epithelium of a sinus
SomatalgiaBody pain
SomnifacientCausing sleep
SomnolenceSleepiness
SoporificInducing sleep
SpanomenorrheaScanty menstruation
SpasmolyticHelping to relieve cramps and other muscle contractions
SplenalgiaPain in the spleen
SplenitisInflammation of the spleen
SplenohepatomegalyEnlargement of spleen and liver
SplenomegalyEnlargement of the spleen
SplenopathyAny disease of the spleen
StimulantMaking a body organ active
StomachalgiaPain in the stomach
StomachicAiding the stomach and digestion
StomatalgiaPain in the mouth
StomatitisGeneralised inflammation of the oral mucosa
StomatopathyAny disorder of the mouth
StomatorrhagiaHemorrhage from the mouth
StupefacientInducing stupor
StypticHaving the power to arrest bleeding
SudorificActing to increase perspiration
SuppurativePus forming
SyphilisA contagious venereal disease
SyrupA water and sugar solution to which are added flavouring, medicinal, or some other desired  ingredients 
TaeiniacideAn agent that kills tapeworms
TetanusAn infective disease due to the toxins of Clostridium tetani
ThermoplegiaSun  stroke
ThrombosisA blood clot  that may partially or wholly block the flow of blood through a blood vessel
TinctureA medication that has its medicinal agent dissolved in alcohol
TonicAn agent that is used to give strength to the system
TonsilitisInflammation of the tonsil
ToxaemiaThe condition of general poisoning caused by the entrance of soluble bacterial toxins into the blood
TranquilizerDrug employed to calm or sedate people or animals
TraumaA pathological alteration of the supporting tissues of a tooth due to abnormal occlusion
TrichogenousStimulating the growth of hair
UlemorrhagiaBleeding from the gums
UlitisInflammation of the gums
UlocaceUlceration of the gums
UlorrhagiaHemorrhage from the gums
UlorrheaBleeding from the gums
UnguentOintment
UrelcosisUlceration of the urinary tract
UreteralgiaPain in the ureter
UreteritisInflammation of the ureter
UrethritisInflammation of the urethra
UrethrorrhagiaFlow of blood from the urethra
UrethrorrheaAbnormal discharge from the urethra
UrocystThe urinary bladder
UrocystitisInflammation of the urinary bladder
UrodyniaPain on urination
UrolithiasisUrinary calculi
Uro-edemaEdema due to infiltration of urine
UropathyAny disease of the urinary tract
UrorrhagiaExcessive secretion of urine
UrorrheaInvoluntary flow of urine
UroschesisRetention of urine
UrticariaItching, inflamed skin caused by an allergic reaction to a drug, food, or substance in the environment; also called hives  
UteralgiaPain in the uterus
Uterine sedativeAn agent that relaxes the muscles of the uterus
UteritisInflammation of the uterus
VaginitisInflammation of the vagina
VaginodyniaPain in the vagina
VaginopathyAny disease of the vagina
ValidationEstablishing documented evidence which provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its pre-determinant specifications and quality attributes
VasoconstrictorAn agent that narrows blood vessel openings, restricting the flow of blood through them
VasodilatorAn agent that expands blood vessels, allowing more blood to flow through them
VermifugeA drug that expels worms
VerminosisMorbid state due to infestation with worms
VertigoDizziness
VesicalReferring to the urinary bladder
VesicantA counter irritant strong enough in some cases to cause blistering
VisceromegalyAbnormal enlargement of the viscera
VulnerarySoothing or healing wounds and sores
WartA circumscribed cutaneous excrescence
WashLiquid medicinal preparation for external use
%Per cent
oCDegree Celsius
aAlpha
bBeta
gGamma
@At the rate of
a.i.Active ingredient
AssAssamese
BenBengali
CaCalcium
CNSCentral nervous system
CVSCentral venal system
DDextro-rotatory
egExample
et aland others
FYMFarm yard manure
ggram
GLCGas liquid chromatography
GujGujarathi
hahectare
HinHindi
HPLCHigh pressure (performance) liquid chromatography
hrhour
iethat is
kkilo
KPotassium
KanKannada
KasKashmiri
llitre
LLevo-rotatory
mmetre, milli
M&APMedicinal and aromatic plants
MalMalayalam
MarMarathi
MgMagnesium
NNitrogen
OOxygen
PPhosphorus
ppage
pppages
PunPunjabi
RajRajasthani
SSulphur
SanSanskrit
sp, sppspecies
ttonne
TamTamil
TelTelugu
TLCThin layer chromatography
varvariety
viznamely
volvolume
yryear
Alst.Alston, Arthur Hugh Grafit
Arn.Arnott, G. A. W.
BackerBacker, Cornelis Andries
Bal.Balansa, Benedict
Bartl.Bartling, F.G.
BatschBatsch, A.J.G.K.
Bedd.Beddome, Richard Henry
Benth.Bentham, G.
Boj.Bojer, Wenceslas
Borss.Borssum Walkes
Buch.-Ham.Buchanan, F.; Hamilton, Lord
BurkillBurkill, Issac Henry
Burm. F.Burman, N. L.
Cav.Cavanilles, Antonio Jose
Christm.Christmann, Gottlieb, Friedrich
ClarkeClarke, Charles Baron
Cogn.Cogniaux, C. A.
Colebr.Colebrooke, Henry Thomas
ColletCollet, Sir H.
Corr.Correa da Serra, Jose Francisco
Coss.Cosson, Ernest Saint Charles
CramerLouis H. Cramer
De Wilde.De Wildeman, Emile August(e) Joseph
Desv.Desvaux, Auguste Nicaise
DielsDiels, Friedrich Lugurig Emil
DonDon, George
DruceDruce, George Claridge
DunalDunal, Michel Felix
DuthieDuthie, J. F.
Ehrh.Ehrhart, J.F.
EnglerEngler, H. G. A.
Forsk.Forsskal, Pehr
FriisFriis, Ib
G. DonDon, George
Gaertn.Gaertner, Joseph
Gagnep.Gagnepain, Francois
GambleGamble, James Sykes
Gaud.Gaudichaud - Beaupre, Charles
Gilib.Gilibert, J.E.
Griseb.Grisebach, A. H. R.
GuerkeGurke (Guerke), Robert Louis August Maximilian
Haw.Haworth, Adrian
Herm.Hermann, F.
HeyneHeyne, Benjamin
Houtt.Houttuyn, Martin
HunterW. Hunter
Hutch.Hutchinson, John
Jacq.Jacquin, Nicolaus
Juss.Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de
Ker-GawlerKer Gawler, John Bellenden
KochKoch, Grungberg Christian Theodar
KoenigKoenig, Johann Gerhard
Kosterm.Kostermans, Andre Joseph Gulliaume Henri
KunthKunth, Karl Sigismund
KuntzeKuntze, Carl Ernst
KurzKurz, W. Sulpiz
L. Herit.L’Heritier, Charles Louis
Labill.Labillardiere, Jacques Julien Houtton de
Lam.Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre de Monnet de
Less.Lessing, Christian Friedrich
Lind.Linden, J.
LinkLink, Johann Heinrich Friedrich
Linn.Linnaeus, Carolus
LippoldLippold, Hans
Lour.Loureiro, Joao de
MaireMaire, Rene Charles Joseph Ernest
MatonMaton, William George
MedicusMedicus, Friedrich Casimir
Mich.Michaux A.
MiersMiers, John
Millsp.Millspaugh, Charles Frederick
Miq.Miquel, Friedrich Anton Wilhelm
MoonMoon, Alexander
Muell.Mueller, J.
MurrayMurray, Johan Andreas
NashNash, George Valentine
NeesNees von Esenbeck, Christian Gottfried Daniel
OkenOken, Lorenz
OrtegaOrtega, Casimiro Gomez
Osb.Osbeck, Pehr
ParkerParker, R. M.
PennellPennell, Francis Whittier
Perr.Perry Floreat, T.A.
Pers.Persoon, Christiaan Hendrik
PierrePierre, Jean Baptiste Louis
PoiretPoiret, Jean Louis Marie
PrainPrain David
Radlk.Radlkofer, Ludwig Adolph Timotheus
Raeush.Rauschel, Ernst Adolph
Rafin.Rafinesque - Schmaltz, Constantine Samuel
Rehd.Rehder, Alfred
RendleRendle, Alfred Barton
Retz.Retzius, Anders Jahan
Robs.Robson, Norman K.B.
Rosc.Roscoe, William
RothRoth, Albrecht Wilhelm
Roxb.Roxburg, William
S. MansoSilva Manso Antonio Luiz Patricio da
Salisb.Salisbury, R. A.
SargentSargent, C.S.
SchmidtSchmidt, F. W.
SchottSchott, Heinrich Wilhelm
SchrankSchrank, Franz Paulavon
Schult.Schultes, Josef August
SchultzSchultz, C. H.
SimsSims, John
SkeelsSkeels, Homer collar
Sonner.Sonnerat, Pierre
SpragueSprague, Thomas Archibald
Spreng.Sprengel, Curt Polycarp Joachim
StapfStapf, Otto
Steud.Steudel, Ernst Gottlieb von
Sw.Swartz, Olof Peter
SwingleSwingle, Walter Tennyson
Taub.Taubert, Paul Hermann Wilhelm
Thonn.Thonning, H.
Thumb.Thunberg, Carl Peter
Thw.Thwaites, George Henry Kendrick
UrbanUrban, Ignatz
VahlVahl, Jens Lorenz Moestue
Vent.Ventenat, Etienne Pierre
VoigtVoigt, Johann Otto
Walt.Walter, T.
WillisWillis, J. H.