Distribution and habitat:  Throughout India.

Botany: Procumbent or trailing herb or under shrub with many branches clothed with 10-15 mm long prickles. 

• Leaves : Ovate or elliptic, stellately hairy on both sides, sinuate or sub-pinnatifid, prickly and 7-11 lobed.
• Flowers:  Blue or violet purple, in extra-axillary cymes. Calyx 5 lobed, prickly, corolla rotate, shallowly 5-lobed, pubescent outside. Stamens 5, filaments very short, anthers yellow, long, opening by apical pores. Berries globose, 1.2-2 cm in diameter, glabrous, yellow or whitish with green markings.
• Seeds:  Glabrous, sub-reniform, smooth and yellowish brown, 2-2.5 mm in diameter.

Chemical constituent: Carpesterol, gluco-alkaloid solanocarpine, solanine-S, steroidal compounds, solasodine, solasonine and cholesterol.

Uses: Inflammations, pain in joins, anorexia, cardiac disorders, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, painful micturition, conjunctivitis. Toothache and soar throat.

Propagation: Seeds and stem cutting