Distribution and habitat: Found throughout the warmer part of India. 

Botany: A diffuse annual or perennial procumbent or more or less erect creeping acid herb, 6-25 cm in height.

• Leaves: Palmately trifoliate, alternate, long stalked; leaflets sessile or sub-sessile, obcordate, pubescent, cuneate at base. Petioles 3.8-9 cm long, very slender, pubescent; stipules small, oblong, adnate to the petiole. Peduncles 2-5, but mostly 2-flowered.
• Flowers: Yellow, in small long stalked axillary or subumbellate cymes. Sepals pubescent, 3-4.5 mm long, oblong, obtuse, appressedly hairy outside; petals emarginated, yellow, oblong, rounded at the apex, twice as long as the sepals; pistils as long as the longer stamens; Stamens monadelphous. Stigma papillose.
• Fruit: Capsule tomentose, oblong, 1.2-2.5 cm long, many seeded, densely pubescent and narrowed at apex.
• Seeds: Several in each cell, transversely ribbed, numerous, broadly ovoid, acute, brown.

Properties: Astringent, anodyne, antiseptic

Chemical constituent:  

• Stem & leaves:Carotene, vitamin-C, malic, tartaric and citric acids
• Leaves-  C-glycosyl flavonoids, 5,7,4’-trihydroxy- 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside(vitexin), 5,7,4’-trihydroxy-6-C- β-D-glucopyranoside(isovitexin) and vitexin -2”-0- β-D- glucopyranoside

Uses: 

• Whole plant is used in dyspepsia, insanity, anaemia, fever, dysentery, scurvy, eye diseases, cardiac disorders, burning sensation etc.
• Infusion of leaves are used to remove opacities of cornea, it is dropped in to sore eyes for itching lids.

Propagation: Seeds