Distribution and habitat: Found throughout India

Botany: A large stout perennial twiner with milky juice, winged twisted, pubescent, twining stems and long slender fleshy much branched roots;

• Leaves : Simple, large very variable in shape, subacute, mucronate, more or less pubescent on both sides especially when young, base cordate or truncate.
• Flowers : White, tubular- campanulate in few flowered cymes.
• Fruits : Globose capsules, enclosed in enlarged brittle embricate sepals.
• Seeds: 4 or less, glabrous, dull black.

Properties: Purgative, antidote, anti-inflammatory

Chemical constituents: Coumarin, scopoletin,α-& β-terpetheins, sugars, luteolin and its derivates, gentisic, protocatechuic, vanillic, p-coumaric, melilotic and ferulicacids. Saponins are the major components reported from the various parts of the plant.

Uses: Used against poisoning by scorpion sting, snake bite

Propagation: By seed