Distribution and habitat: All tropical countries

Botany: Herbaceous, erect, 5-10 cm high.

• Leaves: Usually boarder than long, up to 11.3 X 15 cm, cordate serrate or toothed, stellately hairy on both surfaces, roundish, angled. Lobes generally acute or acuminate varying in size and number. Nerves 5-7, prominent beneath, with often a gland at the base of the midrib and sometimes on the 2 adjacent nerves. Petioles variable in length 1.2-15 cm long, hairy.
• Flowers: Pedicels hairy, short, clustered. Involucral bracts less than 6 mm long. Calyx deeply divided. Lobes less than 6 mm long, lanceolate, ciliate. Corolla 15 mm long, pink.
• Fruits :Capsules pubescent, covered with blunt spines.
• Seeds: Rounded on the back, wedge-shaped on the inner side, smooth.

Chemical constituents:  Roots contain β-sitosterol,  quercetin,  trans-tiliroside etc. Leaves contain flavanoids like  kaempferol, rutin, quercetin, afzelin, astragalin, tiliroside, kaempferol‑3‑O‑β‑D‑glycopyranoside‑7‑O‑α‑L‑rhamnoside, crenuloside etc. 

Properties: Diuretic, hypothermic, neurotonic, analgesic, aphrodisiac, antioxidant

Uses: In rheumatism, pectoral, sore throat

Propagation: Seeds.