Distribution and Habitat: Found throughout India.

Botany: A small laticiferous, deciduous tree with woody branches. Bark thick, brown, rough, with abundant milky white latex. 

• Leaves: Nearly sessile, simple, opposite, ovate to elliptic, membranous with 10-14 pairs of conspicuous nerves.
• Flowers: White in terminal corymbose cymes.
• Fruits: Long, narrow, cylindric, pendulous follicles often dotted with white spots.
• Seeds: Numerous, crowned with a tuft of long, silky hairs..

Properties: Carminative, expectorant, anthelmintic

Chemical constituents: 

• Root bark-holacetin; stem-bark: conessine, dihydroisoconessimine, kurchessine, holonamine.
• Leaf: aminoglycosteroids, kurchiphylline, kurchiphyllamine, kurchaline, holadysine, holadysamine, holantosines A,B. C, & D, holarosine A, B, E & F

Uses: It is used in dysentery, bronchopneumonia, internal hemorrhages, rheumatism, malaria, verminosis, chronic bronchitis, boils, ulcers, dysentery

Formulations: Kutajaristam, Kutayatvayadi leham

Agrotechnology: 

Soil and Climate: A well drained soil is preferred by the plant. Red laterite alluvial soil is seen highly suitable for the growth of the plant. It prefers annual rainfall ranging from 2000-4000 mm with a temperature ranging from 35º C to 40º C. 

Formulations: Kutajarishta, Katajavaleha, Jirakadya churna, Panchanimba churna 

Propagation:  Plants are propagated by root suckers and seeds

Manures and Fertilizers: Pits are prepared and filled with well rotten cowdung or farmyard mixture and soil.

Plant protection: Leaf eating pests are found to feed on the slender leaves and shoots.