Distribution and habitat: Found throughout Western Peninsula cultivated in Ceylon, Baluchistan, Malay Islands

Botany: A large branched shrub or small tree, 1.8-4.5 m, with the pairs of stipular spines on tubercles or swellings of the branch lets. 

• Leaves: Obovate.
• Inflorescence:  Involucres yellowish, 3-7 in a cyme, usually 3, with a very short fleshy peduncle about 3.8 mm long. Lobes of    involucres broadly cuneate and imbricates. Anthers sagittate, apiculate.
• Fruits: Tricoccus; seeds brownish.                                                                   

Properties: Expectorant, digestive, stomachic, abortive, carminative

Chemical constituents: The whole plant contains Euphol. Stem and leaves have taraxerol.n-hexacosanol , euphorbol, hexacosanoate and pelargonin-3,5-diglucoside are found in bark. 

Uses: A bdominal troubles, bronchitis, tumors, delirium, enlargement of the spleen tumors, leucoderma appetite, inflammations

Formulations: vajra-kshar, snuhugadi-taila, snuhayadi-varti.