Distribution and Habitat: Seen in dry evergreen forests of kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, and adjacent areas; Srilanka.

Botany: Large tree with glabrous branchlets. 

• Leaves: Alternate, petioles 0.4-0.5 cm long, lamina simple, elliptic, 10 cm by 4.5 cm coriaceous.
• Flowers: Funnel shaped, male inflorescence short peduncled  cyme, female flowers solitary, very shortly peduncled, larger than the male ones.
• Fruits: Globose, calyx persistent and hard.

Properties: Carminative, astringent, laxative, aphrodisiac and against anaemia

Chemical constituents:  

Heart wood: 2 β-naphthaldehydes, 2 naphthoic acid derivatives, ceryl alcohol, betulin, α-amyrin, ursolic acid, baurenol, stigmasterol.

Leaf- Lupeol and ursolic acid.

Uses: It is used in epistaxis, burns, scabies.

Propagation: Seed