Distribution and Habitat: Through out the greater part of India from Upper gangetic plains, also grown in gardens

Botany: A small evergreen tree. Bark 0.64 cm, brown; wood light brown to reddish brown, hard, close grained. 

• Leaves: 7.6-12.7 cm x 5-7.6 cm, subsessile, obovate, oblong or elliptic, leathery, glabrous; base slightly cordate.
• Flowers: White or pink, fragrant in dense compound trichotomous cymes arranged in terminal panicle.
• Fruit: Black, rounded, 0.64 cm in diameter.

Properties: analgesic, anti inflammatory, anti pyretic 

Chemical constituents: contains alkaloids, sterols, flavonoides, tannins, saponins, phenol and phenolic compounds. Flowers have the presence of 3-Butyn-2-ol, 3-Butyn- 1-ol, amyl nitrite, 1, 9-Decadiyne, 2-Octyn-1-ol and butyl glyoxylate. Stem, leaves, and seeds contain chrysin 5-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, flavone glycoside, 6, 7-dimethoxycoumarin and essential oils such as capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, oleic and linoleic acid.

Uses:The decoction of bark is used for anemia and general debility. Root bark infusion to cure jaundice and burning micturition. Roots and fruit juice are given to females when urine is highly colored. It is used to treat chronic wounds, urinary diseases, skin diseases, pulmonary troubles, Liver disorders, hair tonic, sedative, diuretic, diarrhoea, dysentery etc. 

Propagation: Seeds and stem cutting